“Optional Homework” with Kim Stafford at SOU’s Hannon Library

In a reading at Southern Oregon University’s Hannon Library on April 18 Oregon’s Poet Laureate Kim Stafford played guitar and sang Oregon folk songs with the voice of an angel. It’s refreshing when he teaches the chorus to the audience and asks us to sing along with him. But what’s most unexpected is his “optional homework” assignments interspersed with poems and songs.

Photo from Lewis and Clark Graduate School of education and Counseling

Stafford, an Oregon native is author of a dozen books of poetry and prose, and editor of more. His book Having Everything Right: Essays of Place won a citation for excellence from the Western States Book Awards in 1986. and he has received creative writing fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, a Governor’s Arts Award, and the Stewart Holbrook Award from Literary Arts for his contributions to Oregon’s literary culture.

For his first optional homework assignment, he directs us to rhymezone.com to choose a word and find a handful of rhymes to play with. As example he read his poem “The Seed” a kind of anthem for the poet:

Every chance I get, any place I fit,
in a cleft of grit, in ravine or pit
by ancient wit my husk I split—
I am the seed.
. . .

For his next optional assignment, he offers a way to cope with the ongoing, overwhelming news of the day. Write a non-fiction poem in two parts: in the first part, write just the facts in the language and rhetoric you hear in the news, then write a second part in which you talk back and give your own feelings and position. In one example, his first section uses the exact words of an emergency alert, while in the second part, he playfully shifts the language to create a different kind of warning in the excerpt from “Presidential Alert.”

THIS IS A TEST
of the National Wireless
Emergency Alert System
No action is needed

This is your President speaking
Please take no action
This is only a test
Please remain calm
and silent
. . .

His second example excerpted here is based on an article in The Guardian about how birds die, “What Birds Teach Us”

  
1. How Birds Die

Get caught by a kitty cat: 2.4 billion.
Collateral damage of industry: 700 million.
Hit a window: 600 million.
Hit by car: 214 million.
Get poisoned: 72 million.
Hit a powerline: 25 million.
Get electrocuted: 5 million.
Hit a turbine: 234 thousand.
Get blinded by city lights and stray.
Search in vain for starlight’s guide.
Get out of sync with climate change:
   depart too late, arrive too early.
. . .

2. How Birds Live

Fence wire—a throne for singing and singing.
Thorns in the blackberry thicket—jewels of safety.
A vacant lot, rife with a chance mix—heaven.
Wing bars of crimson, mustard, moss—kinfolk.
A fat worm, a ripe seed, a caught beetle—enough.
Twig feet on a twig after a thousand miles—rest.
Bill tucked under a wing—spiral home.
Cast-off thread and thistledown—snug nest.
. . .

For more optional homework, try “secret publishing.” Take any poem you have written and place it in a book in the library. Or fold it and tuck it into the pocket of a jacket at your local Goodwill. It’s an unexpected find for the reader and a surprising way of making your poems public.

Among the other homework suggestions: find someone who needs a poem and write one for them, or write a poem that honors the stories in your family. Most important was Stafford’s suggestion from his own dad, the poet William Stafford: write the thing that is most alive. Good advice. I intend to take it.

If you get a chance to see Kim Stafford at one of his many appearances during National Poetry Month or throughout the next year, you’ll not only get a great reading and a sing-along concert, you will get a master class in writing poetry.

Spirit of Adventure; The Cave of the Crystal Skull by Sally Landaker

What would you do if your consciousness were suddenly and truly expanded, and you could perceive beings and visions from a parallel universe? What would you do with this dangerous knowledge?

The prospect sounds exciting and dreadful all at once—the essence of adventure. 

caveSally Landaker’s The Cave of the Crystal Skull is an adventure written for middle grade readers that explores consciousness and parallel realms. While a quest involves a search for something of great value as its mainspring, adventures turn on the undertaking of a hazardous enterprise, one whose outcome is doubtful.

Adventures usually begin in happenstance, a happy coincidence or unhappy accident that leads to a situation so hazardous, the main character is tempted to turn away.  Only the concern and care for others is enough to motivate the character to go forward. 

Cousins Sonia and Eric stumble on a cave while exploring Black Mountain. When they encounter “a mystifying crystal skull” and “a menacing pool of bubbling mud,” the cousins recognize they are in danger. Still they vow to continue exploring the cave but to keep it a secret.

However, the powers that lie hidden in the cave don’t intend to stay hidden.

Eric does not question his sudden focus and confidence in his soccer game. Sonia, however, experiences a shift in consciousness so profound, she grows increasingly uncomfortable as she is transported to neighboring realms and begins to question her everyday world. 

Sonia becomes more obsessed and defiant, unable to resist the lure of the cave even as she realizes the risk.  Each time she exits the cave, she experiences a shift in consciousness that expands the boundaries of her known self. She begins to believe the crystal skull might have healing power and when a younger cousin becomes ill, Sonia engineers a plot to test her theory.

While on a quest, the hero must defeat the guardian of the treasure in order to bring the valuables home. In an adventure, there are no “others” who have to be destroyed. That’s part of what makes Huck Finn, Gulliver, and Robinson Crusoe so eternally refreshing. 

As one enthusiastic, middle-grade reviewer noted, there are “no bad guys” in this story. They aren’t needed. Adventures tell a different kind of story, one that reveals the character’s growing consciousness as she encounters her marvelous world. 

Sally Landaker’s The Cave of the Crystal Skull  is available in Kindle and Print at amazon.com

True, a novel by Melinda Field

To paraphrase Leo Tolstoy, great literature grows from two stories: someone goes on a journey or a stranger comes to town. In Melinda Field’s first novel True, the character of young Cat sets events in motion–she is both on a journey and the stranger who comes to town.

MelindaAbandoned by her Mexican father, Cat has been raised by a drug-addicted mother and grown up tough in the streets of Phoenix, AZ. When her mother is taken to prison, Cat is forced to move to a small town and live with her Native American grandmother, a woman she has never met. To further complicate matters, the town is an isolated, predominantly white, ranching community in Northern California.

For Cat, this is a coming-of-age story. The brutality she encounters and the consequences will mark her life forever. But the novel True is much more.

The ensemble cast of characters, a diverse group of women brought together by their love of horses and their shared adventures in the mountains, is focused through Emma, a midwife who ultimately becomes Cat’s guardian. Each woman faces life-changing challenges, so that in True, Field reveals how we are always coming-of-age no matter where we find ourselves.

True is set in the contemporary west and Field evokes a palpable sense of place.  From the dusty heat of a Phoenix motel, redolent of curry and disinfectant–to the cider scent of an orchard, the crunch of apples underfoot—to the sharp-scented sage and dangerous shale of a mountain trail, the salt and blood of fear when a rattlesnake or mountain lion appears—True will transport readers from their easy chairs to a wild and authentic place.

 

For your hard copy or ebook, visit http://www.amazon.com/True-Melinda-Field/dp/097620083X

Irony: Some Folks Just Don’t Get It

Not long ago, my friend Jesse told me this joke: “Someone told me the other day that I just don’t understand irony. My feelings were hurt and I thought, How ironic–we were standing at the bus station when he said it.” 

I admit, I puzzled over this joke for a long while, and finally, I had to ask my husband to help. “There’s nothing ironic about being at the bus stop,” he said, “Some folks just don’t get irony.”

ShamrockMaybe it’s because I’m Irish that the absence of irony in the joke left me stymied. Irony is the use of language to express its literal opposite, a deliberately contrarian act for the purpose of emphasis, amusement, or mockery.

Ancient Greek historians noted how the Gaelic used irony, exaggeration, invective, and other wordplay as weapons of power in shaping politics and culture. Irony is especially effective because one must understand the context and the truth of the situation to understand the opposing, embedded meaning. As a result,  one can be ironic in the presence of the enemy or outsider, a circumstance the Irish know well.

Swift proposal

I grew up in an environment that dripped with irony and its cruder friend, sarcasm, so I’m always a bit surprised when my college composition students respond to Jonathan Swift’s famous essay “A Modest Proposal” by condemning him for suggesting people cook Irish toddlers to solve the famine problem. Once I explain the context to them, the absurdity slowly dawns, and I can see light bulbs shining over their heads.

But I was taken aback when one of my students quoted a deliberately ironic statement from the satirical website The Onion as proof of her claim in her thesis. Even though she understood the context of the contemporary situation, she was reading what she wanted to read, hearing what she wanted to hear, and was blind to the irony. Some folks just don’t get it.

And I was slammed again the other day on Face Book when someone butted into a conversation.  We were discussing a wild claim made by Donald Trump. After some exaggeration, word play, and leg-pulling, I’d concluded tongue-in-cheek that Trump’s statement must be accurate. My friend understood, but a stranger jumped in and castigated me, demanding I give evidence for my “bold claim.” I responded with an explanation of my meaning and an attempt to be conciliatory because I couldn’t find an emoji for rolling your eyes.

Of course, there’s a moral to the story: If you plan to use irony or sarcasm on Face Book, either keep your conversations private or you will have to put your ironic phrasing in quotation marks or add one of those insipid,  winking, smiley faces (semi-colon, hyphen, right parentheses).

The picture to the right is wordplay, not irony. sad man, ironing board, wash clothing and iron

Of course, you knew that,

but some folks just don’t get it.

 

 

 

 

Expendable Characters

I first read Tolstoy’s War and Peace in high school. At least, I read most of it.

I stopped in Volume 4, Part 4 when I realized Petya was going to die.  At seventeen, with friends leaving for Viet Nam, I didn’t want to see a young recruit killed in battle. It was my first encounter with the expendable character in the hands of a master novelist.

It was a bad translation anyway, with high-flown Victorian language. I finally picked up a new copy a few summers ago, translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, and I surrendered to the pleasures of re-reading—returning, in part, to the girl I was at 17 while re-imagining St. Petersburg and Moscow, the march of Napoleon’s armies, and weaving all of that into today’s news, the laundry and gardening, stories and essays to be graded.

PetyaThere on page 1058, through smoke and dust of war, I watched Petya on his horse, galloping across the manor courtyard, slip sideways in his saddle, the horse rearing, the boy falling to the wet ground, his head pierced by a bullet.  Tolstoy sets the expendable character’s death against the improbable happiness Pierre finds with Natasha in the end.

My husband and I make a game of guessing who the expendable character is in TV crime dramas. These characters play an essential role in film and in mainstream and suspense novels, allowing an opportunity for the villain to demonstrate his villainy. Problem is, they are usually too obvious.

You can spot expendable characters by their vulnerabilities and a spark of goodness that puts them at risk. They are to be found among the marginalized.  The man who has already failed once or the woman who abandoned her children is a sympathetic sinner who can be redeemed by death. A main character’s brothers or sisters, the rookie cop, the room-mate, are especially vulnerable because they live in the protagonist’s shadows where the villain is also lurking.

Because the reader must root for expendable characters, they need a significant story problem. Petya is the darling, the youngest, favorite to both Natasha and her mother. He is stifling in a world of fading gentry, caring for the women while his older brother marches off to glory. His youth and idealism make him vulnerable to the rhetoric of war, and the reader sympathizes because Tolstoy has already demonstrated that war is madness and war rhetoric is absurd. Petya’s sin is to be naive or callow enough to believe that he can make a difference where his elders have failed; these are sins of youth we’ve all forgiven.

Finally, he’s the rookie soldier. After the defeat of the French when Napoleon’s troops are in retreat, Petya is killed in a local partisan action, a death both random and devoid of purpose. This ironic turn reveals the villainy in Tolstoy’s tale—a cosmic irony, cruel at times but also comic as witnessed in the marriage at the end.

In the face of it, we must act as if the future depended on our actions, all the while laughing at ourselves for ever believing we might make a difference.

I kept Petya alive through two translations and a many years because in the hands of a master novelist, the expendable character is as memorable as the protagonist.

 

Writing Your Own Creed with Poet and Novelist D H Lawrence

“This is what I believe: That I am I,

That my soul is a dark forest,

That my known self will never be more than a clearing in the forest,

That gods, strange gods, come forth from the forest into the clearing of my known self, and then go back,

That I must have the courage to let them come and go,

That I will never let mankind put anything over me, but that I will always try to honor the gods in me and the gods in other men and women, 

There is my creed.

dark forest

                                                         Redwood Forest by Jacalyn McNamara 2014

A creed is a set of beliefs that guide your actions. Many adopt the creeds of a formal religious group or an organization to which they belong. But freethinkers must generate creeds of their own since they are originators in the world. 

What set of beliefs guides you as artist and writer? Take time to think on this and share your creed with me or on your own blog.

“I Wish I Had a Timeline”

Just reviewing notes from a workshop with novelist Jane Hamilton presented by Chautauqua Poets and Writers and the English and Writing Program at Southern Oregon University.

This one sentence is scrawled across the top of my page: “I wish I had a timeline.”

Hamilton was talking about the things she wished she’d learned before she began her writing career. “The timeline orders your mind,” she said. “It illumines what you know.” She drew a long chalk line on the board and made a mark for 1960, the date the birth control pill became available. “It changed the world,” she said with her characteristic humor and invited us to add our own dates:

“The FreJane-Hamiltonnch Revolution.”

“Assassination of Martin Luther King.”

“Bombing Hiroshima.”

She didn’t need to explain more as she added mark after mark to the line. Anyone who has wrestled with the angel called The Novel understood what she meant.

It’s not enough that novelists hear voices in their heads–those voices want their stories told. They have names, birth dates, and histories, and a novelist must know everything about a character. If characters lived through the 1960’s, the Birth Control Revolution is just one of the cultural phenomena they would have encountered. Did your character burn her bra or did she buy another girdle? Where was he on the day that President Kennedy was killed? Did he burn his draft card or go to Viet Nam?

To further complicate matters, your character has a father who was born in 1921. Did his family lose money when the stock market collapsed? Did he fight in World War II? Where? What battles? Was he injured? Captured? Is that what drove him to drinking? Made him withdrawn?

You get the idea–these questions can’t be asked without a timeline.

The quality of your timeline both permits and restricts access to your characters’ lives. And that process can seem infinite to a novelist exploring the convoluted human condition. A good timeline is the only way through the maze.

the dreaded semicolon

I don’t know. Maybe I’ve had to circle too many semicolons in my life, making the requisite marginal note: Review the uses of a semicolon.

The truth is: you could finish a PhD in English, write and publish in any genre, even win the Nobel prize for Literature, and never once use a semicolon.Emily in Orange

While it works for joining complete sentences, conjunctions and transitions are the better choices because they make connections clear and are easier for your reader to follow.

If you want the more fragmented effect in joining sentences, nothing beats the dash–like a breath of air, the dash can lift the text off the page–it adds a lively immediacy to the text that Emily Dickinson understood. By contrast the semicolon feels old-fashioned; its form looks formal, and somewhat Victorian.

It does come in handy as a kind of super-comma when you have a long, convoluted list with too many commas in it already, but as a reader, I’ve always found those semicolons surprising–they stop me in my tracks. I have to go back and read over until I remember the rule and the semicolon makes sense.

By all means, if you feel you need to use the semicolon–and sometimes I do–review the uses and be consistent.

“A little Madness in the Spring
Is wholesome even for the King,
But God be with the Clown –
Who ponders this tremendous scene –
This whole Experiment of Green –
As if it were his own!”

presence and attention

A reminder from Franz Kafka:

You do not need to leave your room.

remain sitting at your table and listen.

studio reflection

writer’s studio–inside and out                                                                                               jacalyn mcnamara 2014

Don’t even listen. Simply wait.

Don’t even wait. Be still and solitary.

The world will freely offer itself to you

to be unmasked, it has no choice.

It will roll in ecstasy at your feet.