All Souls’

All Souls’ Day

                         Hungary, 1989

           We drank brandy for breakfast, ate smoked bacon,

            raw onions, crusty petals of heavy

            bread, and apples we picked in the orchard

            at dawn. Your nephew fed field mice

            to a wounded owl he kept caged in the garden.

            There was a cross on top of the hill. A bronze soldier

            rode a bronze horse that reared in the cobbled square,

            and he pointed his sword toward the yellow church tower.

            You showed me where there was once a well

            where bodies were stacked and layered with lime

            to prevent the spread of disease while the war

            wore on. The grass there seemed like the grass

            all around. I wanted to say I was sorry.

            If it rained that day, I can’t even remember.

            I only know where I knelt and let  

            my sweater slide to the ground while

            you smiled and fumbled with buttons.

            By daylight, the graveyards blazed

            with chrysanthemums. Even there, the dead

            were stacked in the earth—the land was needed

            for feeding the living. On the late ride back

            to Budapest, I could smell the sausage

            your cousin had packed, could hear wine bottles clink

            when we took the curves, and I made up words

            to go with the song of a gypsy cimbalom:

            that night the stars abandoned the sky

            for the candle-lit hills where the dead promenade.

This poem was originally published in the Jefferson Journal. If you enjoyed this piece, please comment here, follow this site, or feel free to share.

Poem for Earth Day

White Pine at Cantigny by Jacalyn McNamara 2019

EARTH DAY
   by J McNamara

Because she is cloud stuff

And hummingbird wing

They’re screaming steel at her

Where she is pollen and shimmer

Where she’s all bumble bee

They’re building barricades

Laying down the tarmac

No wonder she peels away

Layers of skin no wonder

She pulls out strands of hair

Hanging them in branches

Because she’s all soft syllable

They ring her in with wire

Still she contains them

Fruit and seed

Where she is honey

They bring in the brass

Where she is apple

The weight of the press

Where she is fragrant

The concrete asylum

 

If you enjoyed this poem, please consider sharing it. You can also follow jmcnamara.net for more original work on Art-Wellness-Education.

© Jacalyn McNamara 2017

A Poem for Easter

Spring Red Flower Garden Red Tulips Plant Tulips

Redeemer

by J McNamara

My mother on her knees one Sunday in Lent
bent to check the soil to divine
which bulbs survived winter’s freeze
to bring the green come Easter.
She wore no gloves in spite of icy air,
and the memory of red polish on her nails
suggests something I couldn’t see then,
some sympathetic magic that could do more
than mend the frayed edges of my coat
or untangle snarls in my hair,
some sacrament that could make new tulips
rise up red against the faded fence
when fasting days finally ended
in the communion of colored eggs
and chocolate. On that day,
all the ashes would be kissed from my brow,
because Mother on her knees one morning in Lent
bent to resurrect bouquets, indifferent to mud
that drenched the hem of her Sunday dress.

© Jacalyn McNamara 2019

“Optional Homework” with Kim Stafford at SOU’s Hannon Library

In a reading at Southern Oregon University’s Hannon Library on April 18 Oregon’s Poet Laureate Kim Stafford played guitar and sang Oregon folk songs with the voice of an angel. It’s refreshing when he teaches the chorus to the audience and asks us to sing along with him. But what’s most unexpected is his “optional homework” assignments interspersed with poems and songs.

Photo from Lewis and Clark Graduate School of education and Counseling

Stafford, an Oregon native is author of a dozen books of poetry and prose, and editor of more. His book Having Everything Right: Essays of Place won a citation for excellence from the Western States Book Awards in 1986. and he has received creative writing fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, a Governor’s Arts Award, and the Stewart Holbrook Award from Literary Arts for his contributions to Oregon’s literary culture.

For his first optional homework assignment, he directs us to rhymezone.com to choose a word and find a handful of rhymes to play with. As example he read his poem “The Seed” a kind of anthem for the poet:

Every chance I get, any place I fit,
in a cleft of grit, in ravine or pit
by ancient wit my husk I split—
I am the seed.
. . .

For his next optional assignment, he offers a way to cope with the ongoing, overwhelming news of the day. Write a non-fiction poem in two parts: in the first part, write just the facts in the language and rhetoric you hear in the news, then write a second part in which you talk back and give your own feelings and position. In one example, his first section uses the exact words of an emergency alert, while in the second part, he playfully shifts the language to create a different kind of warning in the excerpt from “Presidential Alert.”

THIS IS A TEST
of the National Wireless
Emergency Alert System
No action is needed

This is your President speaking
Please take no action
This is only a test
Please remain calm
and silent
. . .

His second example excerpted here is based on an article in The Guardian about how birds die, “What Birds Teach Us”

  
1. How Birds Die

Get caught by a kitty cat: 2.4 billion.
Collateral damage of industry: 700 million.
Hit a window: 600 million.
Hit by car: 214 million.
Get poisoned: 72 million.
Hit a powerline: 25 million.
Get electrocuted: 5 million.
Hit a turbine: 234 thousand.
Get blinded by city lights and stray.
Search in vain for starlight’s guide.
Get out of sync with climate change:
   depart too late, arrive too early.
. . .

2. How Birds Live

Fence wire—a throne for singing and singing.
Thorns in the blackberry thicket—jewels of safety.
A vacant lot, rife with a chance mix—heaven.
Wing bars of crimson, mustard, moss—kinfolk.
A fat worm, a ripe seed, a caught beetle—enough.
Twig feet on a twig after a thousand miles—rest.
Bill tucked under a wing—spiral home.
Cast-off thread and thistledown—snug nest.
. . .

For more optional homework, try “secret publishing.” Take any poem you have written and place it in a book in the library. Or fold it and tuck it into the pocket of a jacket at your local Goodwill. It’s an unexpected find for the reader and a surprising way of making your poems public.

Among the other homework suggestions: find someone who needs a poem and write one for them, or write a poem that honors the stories in your family. Most important was Stafford’s suggestion from his own dad, the poet William Stafford: write the thing that is most alive. Good advice. I intend to take it.

If you get a chance to see Kim Stafford at one of his many appearances during National Poetry Month or throughout the next year, you’ll not only get a great reading and a sing-along concert, you will get a master class in writing poetry.

Apple Blossoms on May Day

“The first blossom was the best blossom” according to poet Louis MacNiece “for the child who never had seen an orchard.”

blossom 5.JPG

Blossom 5 by Jacalyn McNamara

In tune with the seasons on May Day, I gather blossoms from the old pioneer apple tree and bundle them into a blue pitcher for the table. This tree has been threatening to die, but this year the blossoms are profuse, a gift from the river of rain that fell in the last storm. I planted a new tree, a Fuji, five years ago, and it too has finally surged into a generous cloud of blossom.

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Blossom 2 by Jacalyn McNamara

May Day is a coming-of-age and a woman’s feast. I was raised Catholic, a proper pagan. My sisters and I carried armloads of blossoms up to our farmhouse bedrooms, pulling out scarfs and making altars to welcome the May Queen, waiting to find out who we’d become, wondering if we’d marry and have children and orchards of our own. “Oh, Mary we crown thee . . .”

blossom 3.JPG

Blossom 3 by Jacalyn McNamara

In “Apple Blossoms,” Susan Kelly-DeWitt writes of that coming-of-age anticipation, waiting as

blossom 1

Blossom 1 by Jacalyn McNamara

. . . the secret

and docile buds of the apple

 

blossoms begin their quick

ascent to light. Night

after interminable night

 

the sugars pucker and swell

into green slips, green

silks. And just as you find

 

yourself at the end

of winter’s long, cold

rope, the blossoms open . . .

blossom 6.JPG

Blossom 6 by Jacalyn McNamara

The petals are fragile, liminal—the slightest wind can lift them away—but they are intended that way; they are meant to pass like a breath, the slips and silks of a girl. This gives them their breath-taking power. In Robert Haas’s “Apple Trees at Olema,” we are “shaken by the raw, backlit flaring | of the apple blossoms.”

blossom 4.JPG

Blossom 4 by Jacalyn McNamara

All blossoms are by nature transformative–the apple more so since it feeds us–like the hazel wand in Yeats’s “Song of the Wandering Aengus” which turns into–

. . . a glimmering girl

With apple blossom in her hair

Who called me by my name and ran

and faded through the brightening air.

 

Spirit of Adventure; The Cave of the Crystal Skull by Sally Landaker

What would you do if your consciousness were suddenly and truly expanded, and you could perceive beings and visions from a parallel universe? What would you do with this dangerous knowledge?

The prospect sounds exciting and dreadful all at once—the essence of adventure. 

caveSally Landaker’s The Cave of the Crystal Skull is an adventure written for middle grade readers that explores consciousness and parallel realms. While a quest involves a search for something of great value as its mainspring, adventures turn on the undertaking of a hazardous enterprise, one whose outcome is doubtful.

Adventures usually begin in happenstance, a happy coincidence or unhappy accident that leads to a situation so hazardous, the main character is tempted to turn away.  Only the concern and care for others is enough to motivate the character to go forward. 

Cousins Sonia and Eric stumble on a cave while exploring Black Mountain. When they encounter “a mystifying crystal skull” and “a menacing pool of bubbling mud,” the cousins recognize they are in danger. Still they vow to continue exploring the cave but to keep it a secret.

However, the powers that lie hidden in the cave don’t intend to stay hidden.

Eric does not question his sudden focus and confidence in his soccer game. Sonia, however, experiences a shift in consciousness so profound, she grows increasingly uncomfortable as she is transported to neighboring realms and begins to question her everyday world. 

Sonia becomes more obsessed and defiant, unable to resist the lure of the cave even as she realizes the risk.  Each time she exits the cave, she experiences a shift in consciousness that expands the boundaries of her known self. She begins to believe the crystal skull might have healing power and when a younger cousin becomes ill, Sonia engineers a plot to test her theory.

While on a quest, the hero must defeat the guardian of the treasure in order to bring the valuables home. In an adventure, there are no “others” who have to be destroyed. That’s part of what makes Huck Finn, Gulliver, and Robinson Crusoe so eternally refreshing. 

As one enthusiastic, middle-grade reviewer noted, there are “no bad guys” in this story. They aren’t needed. Adventures tell a different kind of story, one that reveals the character’s growing consciousness as she encounters her marvelous world. 

Sally Landaker’s The Cave of the Crystal Skull  is available in Kindle and Print at amazon.com

True, a novel by Melinda Field

To paraphrase Leo Tolstoy, great literature grows from two stories: someone goes on a journey or a stranger comes to town. In Melinda Field’s first novel True, the character of young Cat sets events in motion–she is both on a journey and the stranger who comes to town.

MelindaAbandoned by her Mexican father, Cat has been raised by a drug-addicted mother and grown up tough in the streets of Phoenix, AZ. When her mother is taken to prison, Cat is forced to move to a small town and live with her Native American grandmother, a woman she has never met. To further complicate matters, the town is an isolated, predominantly white, ranching community in Northern California.

For Cat, this is a coming-of-age story. The brutality she encounters and the consequences will mark her life forever. But the novel True is much more.

The ensemble cast of characters, a diverse group of women brought together by their love of horses and their shared adventures in the mountains, is focused through Emma, a midwife who ultimately becomes Cat’s guardian. Each woman faces life-changing challenges, so that in True, Field reveals how we are always coming-of-age no matter where we find ourselves.

True is set in the contemporary west and Field evokes a palpable sense of place.  From the dusty heat of a Phoenix motel, redolent of curry and disinfectant–to the cider scent of an orchard, the crunch of apples underfoot—to the sharp-scented sage and dangerous shale of a mountain trail, the salt and blood of fear when a rattlesnake or mountain lion appears—True will transport readers from their easy chairs to a wild and authentic place.

 

For your hard copy or ebook, visit http://www.amazon.com/True-Melinda-Field/dp/097620083X

Irony: Some Folks Just Don’t Get It

Not long ago, my friend Jesse told me this joke: “Someone told me the other day that I just don’t understand irony. My feelings were hurt and I thought, How ironic–we were standing at the bus station when he said it.” 

I admit, I puzzled over this joke for a long while, and finally, I had to ask my husband to help. “There’s nothing ironic about being at the bus stop,” he said, “Some folks just don’t get irony.”

ShamrockMaybe it’s because I’m Irish that the absence of irony in the joke left me stymied. Irony is the use of language to express its literal opposite, a deliberately contrarian act for the purpose of emphasis, amusement, or mockery.

Ancient Greek historians noted how the Gaelic used irony, exaggeration, invective, and other wordplay as weapons of power in shaping politics and culture. Irony is especially effective because one must understand the context and the truth of the situation to understand the opposing, embedded meaning. As a result,  one can be ironic in the presence of the enemy or outsider, a circumstance the Irish know well.

Swift proposal

I grew up in an environment that dripped with irony and its cruder friend, sarcasm, so I’m always a bit surprised when my college composition students respond to Jonathan Swift’s famous essay “A Modest Proposal” by condemning him for suggesting people cook Irish toddlers to solve the famine problem. Once I explain the context to them, the absurdity slowly dawns, and I can see light bulbs shining over their heads.

But I was taken aback when one of my students quoted a deliberately ironic statement from the satirical website The Onion as proof of her claim in her thesis. Even though she understood the context of the contemporary situation, she was reading what she wanted to read, hearing what she wanted to hear, and was blind to the irony. Some folks just don’t get it.

And I was slammed again the other day on Face Book when someone butted into a conversation.  We were discussing a wild claim made by Donald Trump. After some exaggeration, word play, and leg-pulling, I’d concluded tongue-in-cheek that Trump’s statement must be accurate. My friend understood, but a stranger jumped in and castigated me, demanding I give evidence for my “bold claim.” I responded with an explanation of my meaning and an attempt to be conciliatory because I couldn’t find an emoji for rolling your eyes.

Of course, there’s a moral to the story: If you plan to use irony or sarcasm on Face Book, either keep your conversations private or you will have to put your ironic phrasing in quotation marks or add one of those insipid,  winking, smiley faces (semi-colon, hyphen, right parentheses).

The picture to the right is wordplay, not irony. sad man, ironing board, wash clothing and iron

Of course, you knew that,

but some folks just don’t get it.

 

 

 

 

Expendable Characters

I first read Tolstoy’s War and Peace in high school. At least, I read most of it.

I stopped in Volume 4, Part 4 when I realized Petya was going to die.  At seventeen, with friends leaving for Viet Nam, I didn’t want to see a young recruit killed in battle. It was my first encounter with the expendable character in the hands of a master novelist.

It was a bad translation anyway, with high-flown Victorian language. I finally picked up a new copy a few summers ago, translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, and I surrendered to the pleasures of re-reading—returning, in part, to the girl I was at 17 while re-imagining St. Petersburg and Moscow, the march of Napoleon’s armies, and weaving all of that into today’s news, the laundry and gardening, stories and essays to be graded.

PetyaThere on page 1058, through smoke and dust of war, I watched Petya on his horse, galloping across the manor courtyard, slip sideways in his saddle, the horse rearing, the boy falling to the wet ground, his head pierced by a bullet.  Tolstoy sets the expendable character’s death against the improbable happiness Pierre finds with Natasha in the end.

My husband and I make a game of guessing who the expendable character is in TV crime dramas. These characters play an essential role in film and in mainstream and suspense novels, allowing an opportunity for the villain to demonstrate his villainy. Problem is, they are usually too obvious.

You can spot expendable characters by their vulnerabilities and a spark of goodness that puts them at risk. They are to be found among the marginalized.  The man who has already failed once or the woman who abandoned her children is a sympathetic sinner who can be redeemed by death. A main character’s brothers or sisters, the rookie cop, the room-mate, are especially vulnerable because they live in the protagonist’s shadows where the villain is also lurking.

Because the reader must root for expendable characters, they need a significant story problem. Petya is the darling, the youngest, favorite to both Natasha and her mother. He is stifling in a world of fading gentry, caring for the women while his older brother marches off to glory. His youth and idealism make him vulnerable to the rhetoric of war, and the reader sympathizes because Tolstoy has already demonstrated that war is madness and war rhetoric is absurd. Petya’s sin is to be naive or callow enough to believe that he can make a difference where his elders have failed; these are sins of youth we’ve all forgiven.

Finally, he’s the rookie soldier. After the defeat of the French when Napoleon’s troops are in retreat, Petya is killed in a local partisan action, a death both random and devoid of purpose. This ironic turn reveals the villainy in Tolstoy’s tale—a cosmic irony, cruel at times but also comic as witnessed in the marriage at the end.

In the face of it, we must act as if the future depended on our actions, all the while laughing at ourselves for ever believing we might make a difference.

I kept Petya alive through two translations and a many years because in the hands of a master novelist, the expendable character is as memorable as the protagonist.

 

On Beginning Stories

In Chapter 1 of her book Wired for Story, author Lisa Cron discusses “How to Hook the Reader.” She analyzes the elements of story openings from the view of neuroscience, using what we know about the cognitive unconscious and its need to know in order to help writers understand how stories work.

WiredAccording to neuroscientists, the brain is overloaded with incoming data, and it sorts information, storing what is most important just below the level of consciousness where it is easy to access as needed by the conscious mind. Stories evolved to relay important information to help us survive.

“We think in story,” Cron claims. “It’s hardwired in our brain. It’s how we make strategic sense of the otherwise overwhelming world around us.”  As a result, Cron argues that we crave stories. We inhabit stories, living and learning vicariously from them.

In order for a story to be satisfying, a character must be placed in a challenging situation and confront a problem from the beginning pages: Will the boy win the heart of the girl? Will the hero be able to save the world? Will the woman get the career promotion she wants? The opening situation makes the reader wonder what will happen next, and this curiosity keeps the reader turning the pages and puts books on the bestseller lists.

While I agree with Cron about the importance of story problem in the opening, this chapter should come with a warning–Writers Beware. Don’t oversimplify this.

Too many beginning writers will carry this information to its extreme, placing characters in such overwhelming conflicts at the beginning that it becomes impossible to sustain the level of excitement for the reader.

jamesPattersonIf the writer opens with his female detective attacked by a gunman while she is naked and showering at the gym, even if he successfully extricates her from the danger, it’s nearly impossible for the reader to follow into the next scene which shows the detective relaxing at home with her cat and a glass of wine.

Author James Patterson might be able to get away with an opening scene in which the serial killer is contemplating how to murder the detective Alex Cross’s family, but Patterson is a master of sustaining the excitement.

If you’re not prepared to write a potboiler, you’ll want to begin with greater subtlety. Dostoyevsky begins Crime and Punishment with a hypochondriac avoiding his landlady because he can’t pay the rent. Carson McCullers begins The Member of the Wedding with a child’s loneliness and uncertainty.

grapes-of-wrath-lcAnd John Steinbeck famously begins The Grapes of Wrath with a lengthy description of the weather.

All of these writers tap into the emotional heart of their stories, engaging the readers’ imagination and empathy—topics that Cron addresses later in her book.